![]() Each of these captured moments is a sample. This analog signal is then converted into digital form by a circuit that captures the incoming wave's amplitude at regular intervals, converting that data into a number in a form that is understood by the audio recording system. Sound enters the computer through a microphone or other input in the form of a stream of electrons whose voltage varies to represent the amplitude of the sound wave. The audio bandwidth is also affected by the codec, if it chooses to discard any frequency bands while encoding the sound. The first factor affecting the fidelity of the captured audio is the audio bandwidth that is, the range of audio frequencies the A/D converter is capable of capturing and converting into digital form. ![]() This process is called analog to digital conversion ( A/D for short). In order to represent a sound wave in a way computers can manipulate and work with (let alone transmit over a network), the sound has to be converted into a digital form. The shorter the wavelength (the closer together the crests of the wave are), the higher the frequency (or pitch) of the sound that's produced.Ĭomputers, however, are digital. The higher the amplitude (height) of the wave, the louder the sound is at that instant. The faster the molecules vibrate, the higher the frequency of the wave. The farther the air molecules move with each pulse of the wave, the higher the amplitude of the wave, and the louder the sound is. The sounds a person hears every day are, then, actually vibrations in the air which cause the inner workings of the ear. Some audio does travel through water, or even through the rock comprising the planet itself (if you've ever heard the rumble or boom of an earthquake, you've experienced this phenomenon), but nearly all of the sounds you hear every day travel to your ears through the air. On Earth, the medium most audio travels through is the air. The granularity of an audio wave in the real world, then, is that of an individual molecule of the medium through which the sound wave is traveling. These molecules affect the ones adjacent to them, and so forth, propagating the vibration in the form of a wave outward from the source until the amplitude of the wave (its volume) fades away with distance. ![]() As an object vibrates, it causes the molecules surrounding it to vibrate as well.
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